Colombia is a country in the northwest of South America lying on the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. Colombia is called the "Gateway to South America" because it lies in the northwest of the continent, where South America meets Central and North America. It is the fifth largest country in Latin America. Colombia's ethnic diversity is the result of the mestizage (race-mixing) of Indians, Spanish colonizers and African slaves, which led to the creation of a mestizo, white, black and indigenous society. The proportions of these ethnic groups vary by region. There is also a presence of immigrants from other ethnicities, such as Arab (especially on the Caribbean coast), Jewish, Chinese and European countries, as well as from other Latin American countries. Mestizas constitute as much as 60% of the inhabitants.
Colombia has more endemic species, that is, species found in only one country, than any other country in the world. Of the 14,000 species of butterflies, 3,000 are found in Colombia. In the city of Armenia, there are 1,500 species of butterflies in the botanical garden. The country is home to over 1,800 species of birds. The same is about the flora . In the Cocora Valley, there are the world's tallest wax palms. Their height reaches 60 meters. Due to the high concentration of plant species in the country, Colombia accounts for 70% of cut flowers imported into the United States and has a total of 58 national parks that cover approximately 11% of the country's territory. The country also has some of the best beaches in the world and is one of the cheapest places in the world to learn to dive.
Bogota, the capital of Colombia, is a Mecca for street performers. The government not only tolerates graffiti but also encourages and sponsors street art. In recent years, Colombia has undergone serious efforts to export its popular culture around the world. In the early 2000s, the government passed legislation to encourage the development of the country's film industry. Colombia hosts the Cartagena Film Festival, the oldest film festival in Latin America. Home to the oldest Spanish language academy in the continent, it should come as no surprise that Colombia is an important literary country. Colombia's national literary output goes back thousands of years, starting with poetry from various indigenous peoples in Colombia. Another famous Colombian sculptor, Fernando Botero is famous for his sculptures of obese people, and some of his works can be seen in Colombian cities. Colombia also has a lively music scene. The most famous Colombian singer is Shakira.
The country is rich in natural resources, including oil, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper and emeralds. There are the most emeralds in the world, more than 60% of the world's resources. It's a stone called green gold that powers Colombian industry like nothing else. Its production is concentrated mainly in the Boyacá department, located northeast of the country's capital, Bogota. For many tourists, especially the wealthier ones, emerald jewelry is a wonderful souvenir purchased on vacation. For those who cannot afford it, at least feast their eyes at the International Emerald Museum in Bogota.
Pablo Escobar's times, which are not very interesting for Colombia, are not really over yet. A kind of remnant of them is the fact that children and adolescents, first and foremost, of the poor districts of Medellín deal with ... killing for money. It is actually a profession. Sicarios, because they are called them, go to school like their peers. The only difference between them is that they support their families in such a scandalous way. What is most shocking, however, is that they pray to Mary, asking for accurate shots while they are working. Likewise, more than 10% of Colombia's national income continues to come from drug production, mainly cocaine. In addition, there is a radio station in the country that constantly broadcasts messages reported by the families of the abducted people.
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